- October 9, 2026Plaintext refers to information that is being used as an input to an encryption algorithm, or to ciphertext that has…
- October 9, 2026Placeholder names are commonly used in cryptography to indicate the participants in a conversation, without resorting to terminology such as…
- October 9, 2026A pixel is the smallest building block of a graphical display like a computer screen.
- October 9, 2026CSS physical properties define positions based on physical directions or element sides.
- October 9, 2026Percent-encoding is a mechanism to encode 8-bit characters that have specific meaning in the context of URLs.
- October 9, 2026A payload header is an HTTP header that describes the payload information related to safe transport and reconstruction of the…
- October 9, 2026In HTTP messages, the payload body or payload was the resource representation transferred in a message body, stripped of any…
- October 9, 2026Parsing means analyzing and converting a program into an internal format that a runtime environment can actually run, for example…
- October 9, 2026Parameters are named variables declared as part of a function.
- October 9, 2026Page Prediction is a browser feature or script which, when enabled, tells the browser to download resources the user is…
- October 9, 2026Page load time is the time it takes for a page to load, measured from navigation start to the start…
- October 9, 2026A Proxy Auto-Configuration file (PAC file) is a file which contains a function, FindProxyForURL(), which is used by the browser…
- October 9, 2026A packet, or network packet, is a formatted chunk of data sent over a network.
- October 9, 2026Over The Air (OTA) refers to automatic updating of software on connected devices from a central server.
- October 9, 2026Out-of-order patching refers to delivering HTML content in an order different from the sequential, top-to-bottom flow of a single document.
- October 9, 2026Web content's origin is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.
- October 9, 2026OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) is an approach in programming in which data is encapsulated within objects and the object itself is…
- October 9, 2026An object reference is a link to an object.
- October 9, 2026In JavaScript, objects can be seen as a collection of properties.
- October 9, 2026Normative is a word commonly used in software specifications to denote sections that are standardized and must be followed as…
- October 9, 2026In computer science, a null value represents a reference that points, generally intentionally, to a nonexistent or invalid object or…
- October 9, 2026Software specifications often contain information marked as non-normative or informative, which is provided to help readers understand the specification better,…
- October 9, 2026In cryptography and computer security, a nonce is an arbitrary number that is used only once in a cryptographic communication.
- October 9, 2026Node.js is a cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment that allows developers to build server-side and network applications with JavaScript.
- October 9, 2026Network throttling is an intentional slowing down of internet speed.
- October 9, 2026A native application has been compiled to run on the hardware/software environment that comprises the targeted architecture.
- October 9, 2026Namespace is a context for identifiers, a logical grouping of names used in a program.
- October 9, 2026NaN (Not a Number) is a numeric data type that means an undefined value or value that cannot be represented,…
- October 9, 2026A mutable value is one that can be changed without creating an entirely new value, in comparison with immutable values.
- October 9, 2026MVC (Model-View-Controller) is a pattern in software design commonly used to implement user interfaces, data, and controlling logic.
- October 9, 2026Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is an authentication method in which the user has to present more than one type of evidence…
- October 9, 2026A mixin is a class (interface, in WebAPI spec terms) in which some or all of its methods and/or properties…
- October 9, 2026Mobile first, a form of progressive enhancement, is a web-development and web-design approach that focuses on prioritizing design and development…
- October 9, 2026A modem ("modulator-demodulator") is a device that converts digital information to analog signals and vice versa, for sending data through…
- October 9, 2026A manipulator in the middle attack (MitM) intercepts a communication between two systems.
- October 9, 2026Minification is the process of removing unnecessary or redundant data without affecting how a resource is processed by the browser.
- October 9, 2026Middleware is a (loosely defined) term for any software or service that enables the parts of a system to communicate…
- October 9, 2026A MIME type (now properly called "media type", but also sometimes "content type") is a string sent along with a…
- October 9, 2026A method is a function which is a property of an object.
- October 9, 2026Memoization is an optimization technique that stores the result of a function call and returns the stored result when the…
- October 9, 2026In the context of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), the term media refers to the destination to which the document is…
- October 9, 2026A media query is a logical expression that is a method for CSS, JavaScript, HTML, and other web languages, to…
- October 9, 2026The term media (more accurately, multimedia) refers to audio, video, or combined audio-visual material such as music, recorded speech, movies,…
- October 9, 2026A markup language is one that is designed for defining and presenting text.
- October 9, 2026The main thread is where a browser processes user events and paints.
- October 9, 2026The main axis in flexbox is defined by the direction set by the flex-direction property.
- October 9, 2026Lossy compression, or irreversible compression, is a data-compression method that uses inexact approximations and partial-data discarding to represent content.
- October 9, 2026LTR (Left To Right) is a locale property indicating that text is written from left to right.
- October 9, 2026Lossless compression is a class of data compression algorithms that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the…
- October 9, 2026A long task is a task that takes more than 50ms to complete.
- October 9, 2026A loop is a sequence of instructions that is repeated until a certain condition is met.
- October 9, 2026CSS logical properties provide a way to lay out content based on the document's writing mode and direction rather than…
- October 9, 2026Localization (l10n) is the process of adapting a software user interface to a specific culture.
- October 9, 2026Locale is a set of language- or country-based preferences for a user interface.
- October 9, 2026Literals represent values in JavaScript.
- October 9, 2026LGPL (GNU Lesser General Public License) is a free software license published by the Free Software Foundation.
- October 9, 2026In typography, leading is an amount of space included above and below text to provide spacing between lines.
- October 9, 2026Lazy loading is a strategy that delays the loading of some assets (e.g., images) until they are needed by the…
- October 9, 2026A layout mode, sometimes called layout, is a CSS algorithm that determines the position and size of element boxes based…
- October 9, 2026The layout viewport is the viewport into which the browser draws a web page.
- October 9, 2026Latency is the network time it takes for a requested resource to reach its destination.
- October 9, 2026The Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) performance metric provides the render time of the largest image or text block visible within…
- October 9, 2026A key is a piece of information used by a cipher for encryption and/or decryption.
- October 9, 2026A keyword is a word or phrase that describes content.
- October 9, 2026Kebab case is a way of writing phrases without spaces, where spaces are replaced with hyphens -, and the words…
- October 9, 2026JIT (Just-In-Time Compilation) is a compilation process in which code is translated from an intermediate representation or a higher-level language…
- October 9, 2026JSON is a convenient and widely used format for serializing objects, arrays, numbers, strings, booleans, and null.
- October 9, 2026JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images.
- October 9, 2026JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a data-interchange format.
- October 9, 2026JavaScript engines are interpreters that parse and execute JavaScript code.
- October 9, 2026Jitter is the term used in computer networking to refer to packet delay variation — the variance in the rate…
- October 9, 2026In CSS, the intrinsic size of an element is the size it would have based purely on its content, without…
- October 9, 2026Internationalization, often shortened to "i18n", is the practice of designing a system in such a way that it can easily…
- October 9, 2026Interpolation is a method for estimating new data points based on a set of known data points.
- October 9, 2026Interaction to Next Paint (INP) measures the responsiveness of a website to user interactions (for example, when they click a…
- October 9, 2026In object-oriented programming, an interface describes the set of properties and methods that an object exposes.
- October 9, 2026In CSS, inset properties control positioned elements' location by specifying offsets from the elements' default positions.
- October 9, 2026An Input Method Editor (IME) is a program that provides a specialized user interface for text input.
- October 9, 2026In CSS, content that participates in inline layout is called inline-level content.
- October 9, 2026The ink overflow of a box refers to the part of the box and its contents that creates a visual…
- October 9, 2026Inheritance is a major feature of object-oriented programming.
- October 9, 2026IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is a protocol used to retrieve and store emails.
- October 9, 2026An immutable value is one whose content cannot be changed without creating an entirely new value, in comparison with mutable…
- October 9, 2026An IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression) is an idiom in which a JavaScript function runs as soon as it is…
- October 9, 2026An identity provider (IdP) is an entity in a federated identity system that manages a user's credentials and can authenticate…
- October 9, 2026An IDL (Interface Description Language) is a generic language, used to specify object interfaces independent of any particular programming language.
- October 9, 2026An HTTP method is idempotent if the intended effect on the server of making a single request is the same…
- October 9, 2026An identifier is a sequence of characters in the code that identifies a variable, function, or property.
- October 9, 2026ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) is a framework used by WebRTC (among other technologies) for connecting two peers, regardless of network…
- October 9, 2026HTTPS RR (HTTPS Resource Records) are a type of DNS record that delivers configuration information and parameters for how to…
- October 9, 2026HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is an encrypted version of the HTTP protocol.
- October 9, 2026In HTTP messages, the content describes the 'information' conveyed in the message body (which follows the header section), after any…
- October 9, 2026An HTTP header is a field of an HTTP request or response that passes additional context and metadata about the…
- October 9, 2026The term HTML5 is essentially a buzzword that refers to a set of modern web technologies.
- October 9, 2026HTML color codes is a defacto general term used to describe the earliest-available methods for specifying colors on web pages.
- October 9, 2026Houdini was the abbreviated name of the CSS-TAG Houdini Task Force, which met from 2015 to 2019, and the name…
- October 9, 2026HTTP Strict Transport Security lets a website inform the browser that it should never load the site using HTTP and…
- October 9, 2026A host is a device connected to the Internet (or a local network).
- October 9, 2026A hotlink (also known as an inline link) is an object (typically an image) directly linked to from another site.
- October 9, 2026Hash-based message authentication code(HMAC) is a mechanism used for cryptographically authenticating messages.
