Bulkhead Isolation

Bulkhead isolation divides resources into separate pools so one failing or overloaded workload does not consume everything. For example, background imports can use a bounded worker pool separate from interactive requests.

The separation limits the spread of failure, but unused capacity in one pool may not be available to another. Effective boundaries must cover the actual shared bottleneck, such as connections, threads, or memory, rather than only separating labels in code.